Which type of benefit plan is typically associated with a promise of payout at retirement based on specific calculations?

The correct answer is associated with a defined benefit plan. This type of plan is characterized by its promise of a specific payout at retirement, determined through a formula that often takes into account factors such as the employee's salary history, years of service, and a predetermined benefit formula. The plan provides a predictable income stream for retirees, which can be a significant advantage for individuals concerned about financial stability in retirement.

In contrast, defined contribution plans, such as 401(k) plans, do not guarantee a specific payout. Instead, they accumulate contributions made by both the employer and employee, which are invested to grow over time. The total benefits at retirement depend largely on investment performance and contributions made during the employee's working years.

Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) are designed for medical expense savings and are not related to retirement income promises. Similarly, retirement investment accounts typically refer to various investment vehicles that do not imply a guaranteed benefit at retirement but rather rely on how the investments perform. These differences clarify why the defined benefit plan stands out as the option that guarantees a specific payout based on defined calculations at retirement.