Which of the following measures are typically included in cost-sharing?

Cost-sharing refers to the portion of healthcare costs that a policyholder is required to pay out of their own pocket, which typically includes expenses such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. These elements directly affect the patient's out-of-pocket expenses when utilizing healthcare services.

Deductibles are the amounts that an insured individual must pay before their health insurance begins to cover costs. Copayments are fixed amounts that patients pay for specific services at the time of care, while coinsurance is the percentage of costs that the insured person is responsible for after meeting their deductible. Together, these components define the financial responsibilities of the insured under their health care plan and are critical in determining the overall cost of care.

The other options refer to elements that do not fall under traditional cost-sharing in health insurance. For example, net premiums represent the total cost of the insurance plan itself and are paid regularly, rather than directly influencing out-of-pocket costs for healthcare services. Pre-approval fees and administrative charges are not typical cost-sharing components; instead, they are associated with the operational aspects of insurance plans. Annual salary deductions refer to amounts taken out of an employee's salary for benefits, which is more related to the cost of the insurance itself rather than the share of costs